The Tenth Regional Meeting on Probability and Mathematical Statistics will be held at IMPA in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from November 10th to 14th, 2014. As with previous ERPEMs, the goal of this meeting is to promote interactions amongst among advanced students, young researchers and leading experts of the region, to encourage new collaborations and allow for active exchange of ideas through informal discussions. ERPEM 2014 will have a thematic focus on "High Dimensional Phenomena in Probability, Statistics and Signal Processing", with a five-hour minicourse and four two-hour-long invited lectures covering topics related to Empirical Processes, Compressed Sensing and High Dimensional Sparse Statistics. We hope these activities will generate enthusiasm for these areas in the region. The program is complemented by a non-thematic special lecture, contributed talks and a poster session. In addition to these activities, a week long introductory minicourse on "Randomness, Matrices and High Dimensional Problems" will be presented at IMPA on Nov 3rd-7th, 2014. This course is meant to facilitate active engagement in ERPEM, and should be accessible to all students and researchers with a solid understanding of basic measure-theoretic Probability.